Anatomy and Physiology 101 Name_________________________________________
Test 4 Date__________________________________________
1. T F The entire endometrium is absorbed in the process of making a placenta.
2. T F The perineum is a diamond shaped structure between the ischial tuberosities, symphysis pubis, and the coccyx.
3. T F The stratum basalis contains spiral arterioles.
4. T F The myometrium is hormone insensitive.
5. T F Sperm can last for up to 48 hours after ejaculation in the female tract.
6. T F Placenta previa is where the placenta comes out before the baby during delivery.
7. T F Somatic mesoderm forms the limb musculature.
8. T F Sickle cell anemia expresses balanced polymorphism towards malaria.
9. T F Albinism in the Navajo is an example of cultural evolution.
10. T F One of Mendel’s laws is the law of independent segregation at fertilization.
11. T F Multifactorial inheritance takes into account environmental influences.
12. T F Mitochondrial inheritance always comes from the paternal genes.
13. T F A test cross is a hybrid of a homozygous recessive to an unknown genotype.
14. T F Gravity has been shown to be necessary for development in chickens.
15. T F Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal dominant trait of exocrine glands.
16. T F Color blindness affects men predominantly and is commonly the red/green type.
17. T F The Y chromosome does not code for anything but sexual characteristics.
18. T F Icthyosis is the formation of fish-like scales on the skin.
19. T F Lesch-Nyhan is a recessive trait where patients self mutilate by eating themselves.
20. T F The chorion is derived from the synctiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast.
21. T F Estrogen is actually 6 different hormones one of which is beta estradiol.
22. T F Fertilization occurs in the isthmus and generally happens within 24 hours.
23. T F Erection is parasympathetic and ejaculation is sympathetic.
24. T F Ejaculation causes the urinary sphincter to constrict.
25. T F Stereocilia of the epididymus allow for movement of sperm down the tubules.
26. T F The primitive node moves inferior to superior.
27. T F Epistasis is where one gene controls the expression of another as in insulin production and its activation.
28. T F On average there are about 250 million sperm in each ejaculation.
29. T F The zona pellucida consists of leftover granulosa cells of the ovary.
30. T F The “official” zygote stage is at the conclusion of meiosis II and fusion of pronuclei.
31. T F The most common area of implantation is the fundus of the uterus.
32. T F The oropharyngeal plate is located at the superior end of the zygote and forms the anus.
33. T F Fragile X is more severe in males and is due to the repeats of CGG codons beyond 200.
34. T F Trisomy 21 is more common in meiosis but not mitosis.
35. T F The ear is most susceptible to physiologic defects.
36. T F The first two weeks post conception are absent of defects because the embryo is typically aborted.
37. T F Gametes sometimes have phenotypes.
38. T F Cleavage is the mitosis of the embryo without an increase in size.
39. T F One form of Trisomony 21 is more common the older the man and the women is at conception.
40. T F The midpiece of sperm contains mitochondria.
41. T F The pH of semen is between 7.2 to 7.6.
42. T F Primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis I to form secondary spermatocytes .
43. T F The uterosacral ligament provides lateral uterine attachment.
44. T F Luteinizing hormone stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone.
45. T F Seminal vesicles are lubricative in function during sexual stimulation.
46. T F The rugae of the vagina is keratinized after ovulation and viscous and stringy during ovulation.
47. T F Meiosis II is the process of cell division in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half.
48. T F Leakage of serous fluid provides lubrication during intercourse and is called vaginal sweating.

49. Ovaries are attach by the:
a. suspensory ligament to pelvic wall
b. ovarian ligament to uterus
c. broad ligament
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

50. Glands of the female reproductive that are homogous to the seminal vesicles is/are the:
a. lesser vestibular glands
b. paraurethral glands
c. prostate gland
d. greater vestibular glands
e. none of the above

51. What are some causes of relative infertility in men?
a. trauma to the testes
b. tight jeans
c. cryptochidism
d. hot tubs
e. all of the above

52. Which of the following is not a treatment for crytorchidism?
a. testosterone
b. HCG
c. surgery
d. radiation

53. Which of the following provides for the initial blood cell production?
a. amnion
b. yolk sac
c. allantois
d. chorion
e. cytotrophoblast

54. What ion brings about fast block to prevent polyspermy?
a. sodium
b. potassium
c. hydrogen
d. chloride
e. calcium

55. The isthmus is:
a. a layer of the uterus
b. is where fertilization occurs
c. contains fimbriae
d. the width of a human hair
e. shaped like a funnel

56. What are some causes of priapism?
a. mixing cold med and BP meds
b. sickle cell anemia
c. Viagra OD
d. spinal cord damage
e. all of the above

57. How long is the ductus deferens?
a. 2 centimeters
b. 45 centimeters
c. l meter
d. 200 feet
e. none of the above

58. Sperm maturation in the epididymus takes:
a.10 – 12 days
b.12 - 14 days
c.7 – 10 days
d.10 – 14 days
e.0 – 4 days

59. Seminal glands connect to the:
a. ejaculatory ducts
b. membranous urethra
c. prostate urethra
d. urinary bladder
e. kidney

60. The pinky is covered my what dermatome
a. C4
b. C5
c. C6
d. C7
e. C8

61. The yolk sac functions to:
a. form the placenta
b. form blood vessels
c. form gonads
d. both a and b
e. both a and c

62. The ABO blood types are an example of____________ genes.
a. Dominance
b. Recessive
c. Co-dominance
d. Epistasis
e. Collaborative

63. The amnion:
a. allows temperature regulation
b. contains fetal urine
c. contains the intial stem cells
d. a and b
e. all of the above

64. The hypoblast develops into the:
a. gut
b. skin
c. hair
d. muscles
e. tendons

65. The notochord stimulates the formation of?
a. body of vertebral bones
b. nervous tissues
c. neural crests
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

66. What layer of the uterus contains spiral arterioles?
a. perimetrium
b. myometrium
c. endometrium
d. stratum basalis
e. stratum functionalis

67. The “prostate-like” gland that secretes mucous in the female is:
a. greater vestibular gland
b. paraurethral gland
c. bulbourethral land
d. lesser vestbular gland
e. seminal vesicle gland


68. The ovaries are:
a. 2.5x 5 cm
b.1 x 2.5cm
c.1 x 2.0cm
d.2.5 x 2.5 cm
e.3.0 x 6 cm

Match the area of the external genitalia (vulva).
69.___outside fold a. prepuse
70.___ atop the symphysis pubis b. labia minor
71.___inside fold c. clitoris
72.___Erectile tissue d. labia majora
73.___Foreskin e. mons pubis

74.___trisomy 21    a. Down’s
75.___elongated face b. Lesch- Nyhn
76.___aortic dissection c. Fragile- X
77.___wide breasts d. Marfan
78.___self mutilate e. Turner’s


Name___________________________________________________

Perform a cross between a homoozygous red and a homozygous white. Give the parental genotype, a Punnett square, and the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the offspring. Use R for the color red












Perform a cross between a heterozygous red and homozygous fuzzy stemmed plant to that of a homozygous red smooth plant. Show the parental genotypes, the Punnett square, and the phenotypic ratio of the offspring. Use R for red and F for fuzzy.














Extra credit

Perform the following cross. IiAa X IIaa. Assume I is for insulin production and A is for insulin activation.

Show the Punnett square and the phenotypes of the offspring.










Fill-in
1. ______________________________________________________ are agents that cause birth defects.
2. The mesoderm that forms the serous membranes is ________________________________________.
3. Undescending testes is called __________________________________________________________.
4. Meiosis 1 arrested at ________________________________________________ phase until puberty.
5. The point of sperm penetration is the _____________________________________________ pole.
6. The _______________________________________ becomes the vertebral lamina.
7.Spermatocytes cross the _____________________ ________________ _____________________.
8. The first mensus with ovulation is called__________________________________________________.
9. Sperm matches a receptor on the egg called_______________________________________ .
The term for the change in the epithelial shape and layering of the vaginal is called__________________


Define the following using complete sentences and examples where appropriate.
Allele



Phenotype



Epistasis



Cleavage



List 5 characteristics of semen.





List and describe Mendel’s 4 laws of genetics.