Anatomy and Physiology Name_________________________________________
Test 2 practice 2012 Date__________________________________________
True/False Mark A for True and B for false.
1.____Sound amplification is due to the oval window being 1/20th the size of the tympanic membrane.
2.____Neuronal habituation creates higher GABA concentrations during loud sounds.
3.____Otitis media is common due to the position of the auditory canal in young people that drains to the middle ear and not the throat.
4.____During the Weber test a ratio of bone to air less than 2 to 1 indicates paralytic hearing
loss.
5.____During the Light reaction the rods secrete GABA to cause hypolarization.
6.____Closed angle glaucoma is the most common type of glaucoma.
7.____Accommodation is the ability to focus on objects near but not far away.
8.____Presbyopia is loss of near point accommodation.
9.____The drug THC is a good drug to reduce the production of the aqueous humor because it lasts a long time.
10.___Retrograde amnesia is the loss of old memories.
11.___NREM sleep is the stage at which dreaming occurs.
12.___In a contussion there is not tearing of the pia mater.
13.___In ecchymosis blood pools around the mastoid process.
14.___Stage 2 sleep of NREM exhibits the first sleep spindles.
15.___Lasik is effective for astigmatism, myopia, and hyperopia using an eximer laser.
16.___The fovea is the area that contains a high concentration of rods.
17.___Myopia means a person is far sighted.
18.___The Pacinian corpuscle is an example of a receptor that measures light touch.
19.___Tactile receptors located within the stratum basale are type two mechanoreceptors.
20.___All post-gangionic fibers are unmyelinated.
21.___Fight or flight is also known as the sympathetic system.
22.___Preganglionic fibers release only Ach in the terminal system.
23.___Post ganglionic fibers are also known as C fibers because they have a high amount of myelin.
24.___Post ganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system secrete of Ach, Nor, or Epi.
25.___Receptor subdivisions include cholinergic and adrenergic and secrete Nor or Ach respectively.
26.___Muscarinic receptors are typically inhibitory as in the neuromuscular junction.
27.___Most adrenergic effectors have either Alpha or Beta receptors.
28.___The ANS effects smooth muscle, cardiac muscles, and glandular tissues.
29.___The blind spot is the entrance point of cranial nerve number 2.
30.___The eye contains over 50% of all the sensory neurons.
31.___The vagus nerve is responsible for the taste receptors found in the throat.
32.___The facial nerve is responsible for sneezing, grimace, and tearing associated with smell.
33.___Januvia is a drug that allows type II diabetes to take GLP orally by blocking its digestive breakdown.
34.___Diabetes is one of the leading causes of blindness.
35.___Type 2 Diabetes may be treated with Glucophage which lowers insulin resistance.
36.___The zona glomerulosa is the thinnest zone of the adrenal cortex and secretes Aldosterone.
37.___Dehydroepianderosterone is weaker than testosterone and important in the fetal period for muscle growth in both males and females.
38.___Testosterone is composed of four carbon rings, three that are hexanes and one that is a pentane.
39.___An example of an agonistic hormonal interaction is insulin and growth hormone.
40.___The Pineal gland has direct neuronal connections to the optic chiasmata.
41.___Hyposecretion of estrogen causes amenorrhea in females.
42.___Females are at higher risk of toxic goiter disease and is linked to an autoimmune disease for TSH.
43.___Parafollicular cells secrete calcitonin that inhibits the osteoclasts.
44.___Hyposecretion of thyroid hormones in a child results in cretinism which causes varying levels of low BMR and an enlarged tongue.
45.___The adrenal cortex consists of 3 zones with the inner layer being called the adrenal medulla.
46.___Graves disease is known to cause a pendulous abdomen and a hunched back.
47.___Strabismus testing at 20/30 to 20/50 is when a person is able to fix with a patch removed over the good eye for greater than 5 minutes.
48.___The brain lacks any pain receptors.
49.___A seizure is a symptom and not a type of disease because of the variety of causes.
50.___"Static equillibrium" is located in the saccule.
51.___The aqueous humor is produced by the ciliary muscle of the ciliary body.
52.___Adaptation is when the stimulus undergoes habituation.
53.___The canal of Schlemn is responsible for the drainage of the aqueous humor.
54.___After-image is when the stimulus is perceived even when removed like a light flash.
55. ___One treatment for a detached retina is sclera buckles.
56.___Hypoxia, poisoning, and drug overdose are all causes of seizures.
57.___A Petite mal seizure is common in children and starts in the frontal lobe.
58.___Seizures lasting more than 5 minutes and compromising ABCs are an immediate life threat.
59.___Damage to the liver exhibits referred pain in the right shoulder.
60.___Otosclerosis is when the stapes becomes adherent to the oval window.
61. Tinnitus is:
a. inner ear protection
b. loss of hearing in one ear
c. complete hearing loss
d. ringing of ears
e. modified hair cells
62. Labyrinthine disease has all of the following symptoms except:
a. seizures
b. tinitis
c. nausea
d. vertigo
e . deafness
63. Dynamic equilibrium have:
a. cells within utricle
b. hair cells within the saccule
c. canals oriented in the anterior, posterior and lateral planes
d. is all the above
e. none of the above
64. Rods:
a. have a 600 to 1 ratio of receptors to bipolar cells.
b. have the pigment photopsin.
c. have 1:1 ratio of bipolar to receptor cells.
d. are in the center of the visual field
e. are for color vision.
65. The greatest area of refraction is the interface of the:
a. lens to the Vitreous humor
b. air to the cornea
c. aqueous humor to the lens
d. retina to the sclera
e. vcitreous humor to the retina
66. Which of the following is not a receptor for taste
a. filiform
b. fungiform
c. circumulate
d. cuboid
e. none of the above
67. The olfactory epithelium achieve 50% habituation in:
a. 1 second
b. 2-3 seconds
c. 4-5 seconds
d. 8-10 seconds
e. never
68. Signs and symptoms of a concussion include all of the following except:
a. nausea
b. amnesia
c. confusion
d. irritability
e. areflexia
69. What is the term for the cranium having compact and spongy bone:
a. endochondral
b. intramembranous
c. osteon
d. diploe
e. none of the above
70. Which condition means a bloody nose:
a. epistaxis
b. ecchymosis
c. diarrhea
d. battle sign
e. apraxia
71. Which stage of NREM sleep does dreaming occur?
a. stage 1
b. stage 2
c. stage 3
d. stage4
e. none of the above
72. Refraction is the:
a. convexity of light
b. dark reaction
c. bending of light
d. concavity of light
e. light reaction
73. Functions of the thyroid include all of the following except:
a. increased BMR
b. weight gain
c. increased cold resistance
d. increased cholesterol dumping in bile
e. decrease in sodium/potassium pump
74. Which of the following is a function of the parafollicular cells:
a. inhibit osteoclasts
b. stimulate osteoblasts
c. stimulate osteoclasts
d. inhibit osteoblast
e. a and d
75. Which is not true about hyposecretion of T4 in a child:
a. dwarfism
b. weight gain
c. round face
d. big tongue
e. cretinism
76. All of the following are related to glucagon except:
a. secreted by alpha cells
b. raises blood glucose level
c. converts glycogen into glucose
d. releases glucose into the blood
e. stimulates the “F cell”
77. Hearing is a type of a:
a. nociceptor
b. barorecpetor
c. mechanoreceptor
d. electromagnetic receptor
e. thermoreceptor
78. What is/are function(s) of oxytocin?
a. maternal bonding
b. stimulates partuition
c. decreases hemorrhage
d. both A & C
e. all of the above
79. Characteristics of the upper motor pathway is all of the following except:
a. 90% decussation
b. connects the precentral gyrus to the spinal cord
c. damage leads to spasticity
d. contains the extrapyramidal tracts
e. affected by ALS
80. Indirect pathways are also called:
a. extrapyramidal tracts
b. pyramidal tracts
c. neuron tracts
d. rubrospinal tracts
e. tectospinal tracts
81.___Merkel's discs a. onion skin shaped
82.___Ruffini's corpuscle b. type 2 mechanoceptors
83.___Meissner's corpuscle c. naked nerve ending
84.___ Pacinian corpuscle d. saucer shaped
85.___ Pain receptor e. egg shaped
86.___increased blood pressure a. otosclerosis
87.___ringing b. labyrinthine
88.___immobile stapes c. nystagmus
89.___lack of tensor tympani d. hyperacusia
90.___sweep of the eyes e. tinnitus
91.___ bradykinin a. neuroendocrine
92.___thyroid b. paracrine
93.___ gastrin c. autocrine
94.___post pituitary d. endocrine
95.___estrogen
96.___ relaxin a. genital development
97.___ FSH b. keeps testosterone in place
98.___ estrogen c. initiates follicle development
99.___ ABP d. dissolves the symphysis pubis
100.___LH e. climacteric